瑞典女王

1 Who are you? 2 I was King of Sweden. 3 The Lord, in his infinite wisdom... 4 has seen fit to deprive us of our noble king... 5 Gustavus Adolphus... 6 while Sweden is in the midst of a grievous war. 7 For 14 years our arms have served in the field... 8 against our enemies. 9 And in this dark hour, we still fight on... 10 for the Protestant cause of our country. 11 Our King is dead... 12 but his spirit still lives in us... 13 and in his child, Christina. 14 Her father, our King... 15 brought up this child as a boy... 16 accustomed her ears to the sound of cannon fire... 17 and sought to mold her spirit after his own. 18 Let's see the child. 19 Your Majesty... 20 I swore to the King, your father, to place this crown upon your head. 21 And now I swear by my life... 22 to serve you as I served him. 23 Men do not cry. 24 Shall I make my speech now? 25 Good Lords, and Swedish men... 26 Queen Christina, by the grace of God... 27 Queen of the Swedes, the Goths, and the Vandals, promise you... 28 to be a good and just king... 29 to protect you all... 30 and to guard the kingdom as our father did... 31 to rule wisely, and with God's help... 32 to keep the standard as we received it from our fathers. 33 Concerning this war, which we are bitterly waging... 34 we promise... 35 To wage it with courage. 36 We promise to win it! 37 I bless you all. 38 The King is dead, long live the King. 39 Long live the King! 40 Your Majesty.

41 The arrival of Prince Charles forced me to summon Your Majesty. 42 The Parliament is in session, waiting to act on his victories. 43 After 30 years of war, Sweden now has the commanding place in Europe. 44 Now is the time for new, definite actions. 45 These I want to discuss with you. 46 There will be enough discussion in the Parliament. 47 You have reports for me to sign, my Lord Treasurer? 48 I have them here, Your Majesty. 49 Prince Charles' victory was crushing, was it not, Chancellor? 50 Complete, Your Majesty. 51 Now would be a happy moment... 52 to announce your betrothal to Prince Charles. 53 He returns a national hero. 54 I look forward to Prince Charles' reception in the Parliament. 55 He will love it. 56 I have heard of the enemy's losses. 57 What were ours? 58 10,000 men, 4,000 horses, 200 cannon. 59 A few more victories like this... 60 and we will have to hire foreigners to fight our battles.

61 In the end, the enemy will pay for it. 62 In the meantime, it would be a good moment to vote fresh monies for the war. 63 The Lord Treasurer will tell Your Majesty we need it. 64 He doesn't have to tell me. These reports tell me. 65 This war is expensive. 66 The Parliament clamors for more war. 67 They clamor for a Swedish marriage for Your Majesty. 68 They clamor for an heir of Swedish blood. 69 In short, Chancellor, they clamor. 70 Here are your reports. This one I keep. 71 Thank you, My Lords. I shall see you in the Parliament. 72 Your Majesty. 73 Yes, Count Magnus. 74 It's so long since I have seen you. 75 - I saw you yesterday. - To me that's long since. 76 I am not an idle woman, Magnus. 77 I have a war on my hands. 78 Are you going to marry the national hero? 79 You are petulant, Magnus, and I have no time to soothe you. 80 The Parliament is waiting.

81 We are eager to greet our victorious cousin... 82 Prince Palatine Charles Gustavus. 83 Welcome, my cousin. 84 For the great victory you have won, Sweden is grateful. 85 We will not forget. 86 For the fatherland, Your Majesty, and loyalty to you... 87 and for glory, no sacrifice is too great! 88 Our enemy is in retreat and our standards fly over the fields of their dead. 89 Now, Your Majesty, would be a good time to send fresh armies... 90 and crush these barbarians. 91 We want to continue what we began in your father's reign... 92 until every enemy soldier is disarmed! 93 This is not an ordinary war for treasure or conquest. 94 It is for our faith and for our God. 95 God is being invoked in many lands these days, Your Grace. 96 What about the enemy's God? 97 When the enemy invokes God, that is blasphemy, Your Majesty. 98 I wish I had your confidence, Archbishop. 99 We of the nobility are willing to back our noble commander Prince Charles... 100 to the last man!

101 I thank the noble Lord. 102 For your glory, Your Majesty, I return to the wars with fresh courage. 103 You have all spoken: 104 You, my Nobles... 105 you, my gallant General... 106 you, my Archbishop... 107 and you, my hero cousin. 108 I have heard all your voices. 109 But what of the peasants? 110 You peasants have fought this war. 111 What have you to say? 112 Will you not speak, father? 113 What is there for us to say, Your Majesty? 114 Unbeknownst to us, the war is started and we are sent, and we go. 115 You shall go no longer! 116 There are other things to live for than wars! 117 I have had enough of them. 118 We have been fighting since I was in the cradle and many years before. 119 It is enough. 120 I shall ask the powers to meet for a speedy and honorable peace.

141 Death and destruction! 142 Triumphals of crippled men! 143 Sweden victorious in a ravaged Europe. 144 An island in a dead sea! 145 I tell you, I want no more of it. 146 I want for my people security and happiness. 147 I want to cultivate the arts of peace. 148 The arts of life! 149 I want peace, and peace I will have. 150 Your Majesty. 151 Every morning I come to wake you... 152 and every morning I find you already awake and reading. 153 It's not right, Your Majesty, to rob your sleep. 154 I have so little free time, Aage, that to spend it sleeping seems a waste. 155 What a clever fellow is this, Aage. 156 - Who? - Molibe. 157 - What is he? - He writes plays. 158 He makes fun here of pretentious ladies. 159 "As for me, Uncle, all I can say is that I think... 160 "marriage an altogether shocking thing.

161 "How is it possible to endure the idea of sleeping... 162 "with a man in the room?" 163 Is that good, Your Majesty? 164 Not bad, Aage. 165 They say... 166 you are going to marry Prince Charles. 167 Do they? What do you think of it? 168 I think it's good for a queen to marry a hero. 169 What else do they say? 170 They say... 171 you prefer the Lord Treasurer. 172 And what do you think of him? 173 I don't like him, Your Majesty. 174 - Why not? - The right foot. 175 He's too clever. 176 Everybody can't be simple and heroic, Aage. 177 Well... 178 I don't like him! 179 Ebba, come in. 180 Now don't dally, Your Majesty. You have a busy day.

181 Morning, Ebba. 182 - What are you doing up so early? - I couldn't sleep. 183 That means you are happy or unhappy. Which is it? 184 - Happy. - I am glad. 185 - And what makes you so happy? - No reason. 186 How wonderful to be happy for no reason. 187 Let's go for a sleigh ride. 188 - I can't now. - Why not? 189 - Ambassadors, treaties, councils. - How boring. 190 - But we'll go afterward, Ebba. - You always say that. 191 But at the end of the day, you are never free to go anywhere. 192 You are surrounded by musty old papers and musty old men... 193 and I can't get near you. 194 Today, I will dispose of them by sundown, I promise you. 195 And we will go away, two or three days in the country. 196 - Wouldn't you like that? - I'd love it. 197 The French Ambassador, Monsieur Chanut, is waiting in the council chamber. 198 There, they begin. 199 Countess, you're dismissed. Run along. 200 I have good news for you, Monsieur Chanut.

221 one of the oldest in Europe. 222 To admit professors from Spain and Italy might corrupt the purity of our teaching. 223 The danger is not so much of corruption as of staleness. 224 We need new wine in the old bottles. 225 Here is the new draft of the treaty with Cromwell, Your Majesty. 226 There are several important changes in it, so if you read it, please... 227 that I may know your opinion. 228 I will do so, Chancellor. 229 Your Majesty, I must again speak to you about your marriage with Prince Charles. 230 This eternal talk about Charles.

231 I cannot tell you how it wearies me. 232 I do not see eye to eye with Charles about anything. 233 - He is a hero. - There are varieties of heroes. 234 He is a hero at fighting, and fighting bores me. 235 - His only gift is with the sword. - The sword has made Sweden great. 236 Yes, but do we not exalt that gift too much, Chancellor? 237 You cannot remake the world, Your Majesty. 238 Why not? 239 Look, Chancellor, the philosophers remake it, the artists remake it... 240 the scientists remake it. Why not we who wield the power?

241 The people follow blindly the generals who lead them to destruction. 242 Will they not follow us who lead them beyond themselves... 243 where there is grace and beauty, gaiety and freedom? 244 Europe is an armed camp, Your Majesty, not Utopia peopled with shepherds. 245 But Chancellor... 246 Snow again. Eternal snow. 247 Your Majesty, it is for Sweden. It is your duty. 248 Why is it my duty? 249 My days and nights are given up to the service of the state. 250 I am so cramped with duty that to be able to read a book...

251 I have to rise in the middle of the night. 252 I serve the people with all my thoughts, with all my energy... 253 with all my dreams, waking and sleeping. 254 I do not wish to marry, and they cannot force me. 255 You must give Sweden an heir. 256 Not by Charles, Chancellor. 257 You are Sweden's Queen. You are your father's daughter. 258 Must we live for the dead? 259 For the great dead? 260 Yes, Your Majesty.

261 Snow is like a wide sea. 262 One could go out and be lost in it... 263 and forget the world and oneself. 264 There are rumors that Your Majesty is planning a foreign marriage. 265 They are baseless. 266 But, Your Majesty, you cannot die an old maid. 267 I have no intention to, Chancellor. 268 I shall die a bachelor. 269 Of course, Magnus, you heard everything. 270 No wonder you are so well-informed.

271 I am rather disappointed you are not going to marry Charles. 272 I'd much rather him than another. 273 Charles spends all his time reviewing troops. 274 It doesn't become you to make fun of Charles. 275 He has risked his life for his country. 276 He, at least, is no opportunist. 277 You're serious today. 278 - It isn't that, Magnus. - No? What then? 279 I look at you and I look at a stranger. 280 A stranger whom I do not altogether like. 281 I grant you your preferences, if you will love me. 282 Love you? 283 I wonder now, Magnus, if I have ever loved you. 284 I am your destiny, Christina. 285 Are you? 286 - I long to escape my destiny. - You will long to return to it. 287 - Where is Countess Ebba? - In her chamber, Your Majesty. 288 The Queen is selfish. It is simple for her. She orders and you obey. 289 How long are you going on this way? 290 Every time we meet, you promise to tell her...

291 you love me and you want to marry me and you never do. 292 The Queen is so dominating. She's interested only in her own concerns. 293 She never asks me. 294 Your Majesty. 295 Leave us. 296 - Forgive me. Forgive him. - It is you I cannot forgive, Ebba. 297 You needn't fear my domination any longer. 298 Your Majesty, please. 299 You pretended to be interested in me and my problems. 300 Your sympathy, your concern... 301 all pretense, underneath which you resent me. 302 You do not understand, Your Majesty. 303 The difficulty is, Ebba, that I do. 304 Your Majesty. 305 What now? 306 I must warn you about the impending visit of the Spanish envoy. 307 Sweden is the great Protestant stronghold of Europe. 308 Therefore, with this Spaniard, you must be polite but reserved. 309 Very well. 310 What is this?

311 The people know that Prince Charles is visiting you here. 312 They are excited about it. 313 They want to see their Queen. 314 Must I smile for the masses, Chancellor? 315 That is not too much to do for the people. 316 We want Prince Charles as our King! 317 Christina, our Queen! 318 Long live Charles Gustavus! 319 Long live Prince Charles! 320 - Sweden for the Swedes! - Prince Charles for our King!

321 This is what comes, Chancellor, from feeding the people a false hope. 322 - Aage. - Your Majesty? 323 My riding coat. We go out in the snow. 324 - To hunt, Your Majesty? - At least not be hunted. 325 Foreigners. 326 Spaniards. 327 You find this amusing, do you? 328 Where is that fool of a coachman? 329 It's not his fault. The ditch is full of soft snow. 330 - It often happens like that here. - What a country. 331 Aage, get the robe, put it under the wheel. 332 Tell the coachman to take off his robe and put it under the other wheel. 333 Now, all together, with a big heave. 334 Aage, hold the horses. 335 Now all together, push! 336 That's splendid. 337 How far is it to the nearest inn? 338 Two leagues. You can be there by nightfall. 339 That is, unless you fall into another ditch. 340 Give the boy a thaler, Pedro.

341 Where is the landlord? 342 - There he is. - Coming. 343 What can I do for you, young man? 344 Supper, room and bed. 345 I have only one room vacant. That's the best one. 346 That's for people of quality, costs three thaler. 347 Give him 10, Aage. 348 Thank you, My Lord. This way, Your Lordship. 349 Right up to the head of the stairs. 350 The best room in the house, it is, too, My Lord.

351 Right here, My Lord. 352 I hope this place serves your purpose, My Lord. 353 Looks adequate but lonesome. 354 That is soon remedied... 355 a fine young man like Your Lordship. 356 It is a cold night to be alone, that's certain. 357 I can find Your Lordship some good company if you are in the mood. 358 - A thorough host, aren't you? - Thank you, My Lord. 359 Fascinating profession, to run an inn. 360 - You sit still and the world comes to you. - Yes, My Lord.

361 Will you sup here? I'll have a fire for you presently. 362 - I will sup below. - Yes, My Lord. 363 We must have your best room. 364 My Lord is a great noble. 365 In fact, you may never again have a guest of his quality. 366 - You will be well-paid. - You shall have 15 thalers. 367 - What does the gentleman want? - Accommodation for the night. 368 Why, only now, this gentleman has taken our last room. 369 The best one. 370 Sir, I owe you an apology.

391 I have never been there, only in my thoughts. 392 How wonderful. 393 You are a find indeed. 394 Landlord, come here. 395 This gentleman will sup with me. 396 Do your best, and bring something to drink at once. 397 Yes, right away, My Lord. 398 You don't know what this means to me. 399 Have you ever traveled? Have you ever been far from home? 400 Have you ever been homesick?

401 I have never been out of Sweden. 402 Then you don't know what it is to be homesick. 403 You don't know what it means to feel that sense of loss. 404 The pain of nostalgia. 405 One can feel nostalgia for places one has never seen. 406 Yes, that's quite true. 407 Young man, that is the second time I have underestimated you. 408 My Lords. 409 The foreigner, he promised 15 thalers for a bed. 410 When did I ever let slip 15 thalers? 411 To the kitchen! 412 Imagine, in this icecap, finding someone who knows Spain. 413 You understand I admire your country. 414 It's rugged and strong and impressive. 415 It has all the virile qualities. 416 And from all your northern fastness here, the Viking spirit has dominated Europe. 417 But what do the Vikings talk about in the evenings... 418 when they come home from war and hunting? 419 Do they know the arts of living? 420 - You find us uncouth? - Look at these people.

421 This is my lager. 422 I'll say this for them, they know how to enjoy themselves. 423 At home, our people are less hearty, but more graceful. 424 It's all a question of climate. 425 You can't serenade a woman in a snowstorm. 426 All the graces in the arts of love... 427 the elaborate approaches that would make the game of love amusing... 428 can only be practiced in those countries that quiver in the heat of the sun... 429 in the still, languorous nights, where every breeze caresses with amour... 430 love, as we understand it, is a technique that must be developed in hot countries.

嘉宝吧的吧友忘记时光最初记下的《瑞典女王》的英文剧本。

关于瑞典女王克里斯蒂娜还有一部影片，《年轻的女王》，记述了女王在位期间的政绩，挣扎以及与女伯爵之间的情感。

最近重看嘉宝的电影时，特地将这部电影作为收尾，同时看了《年轻的女王》，后者的表演自然无法与嘉宝放在同一水平线上，但作为一个年轻且出演不多电影的演员来说，她是有灵气的。如果说玛琳布斯卡演出的是一个人一步步走上王的神坛在自我的挣扎与外界的泥沼中追寻一条道路一点点将身在神坛的血肉之躯的情感暴露给观众的话，那么嘉宝的女王则是始终带着神性的，她仿佛不用特别做什么，就能够让人感受到独属于女王的神性，即使最后被情感所伤，爱人已逝，她面无表情，眼光坚定地站在船头望向远方的这个被所有人奉为经典的桥段里，这样的女王也并未因此而损伤掉她的神性，反而因为在这样的时刻这样的一幕，她的神性增加了她的哀恸。更让人为之心痛。（曾经有影评人提出，会觉得王家卫在《东邪西毒》里对于张曼玉最后趴在窗上手执桃花望向远方的最后一幕是借鉴了这里，是否借鉴，不得而知，但是足以可见嘉宝这个镜头的经典。）不过嘉宝的女王似乎不屑于令任何人为之怜惜，看到最后一幕，更多的是对这个女人的敬仰。

玛琳布斯卡是在自己的能力范畴内表演女王，而嘉宝则是女王本王。

虽然这是显而易见的结论，但我还是愿意仔细把两个版本都看一番，因为瑞典女王克里斯蒂娜本身就是一个迷人的存在。

她跟嘉宝身上实在有很多共同点，都爱着男装，女王登基时并未说是女王登基，说得是国王登基，而嘉宝在信里对自己用的称呼也常混称"man."

就是这样一个女人，在默片《风月》里颠倒众生，那是我看的嘉宝的第一部默片，黑色的底配上白色的字幕，"I have many men."出现的那张脸瞬刻让人记住，那种感觉不是迷恋，而是怀念。几另我想起leslie在《风月》里说的台词“我有过许多女人。”这两个桥段带给我的感觉是一样的，深刻的演员，让人从迷恋上升到怀念，而这种从迷恋上升到怀念的过程，曾经有一部纪录片里说过，这种感觉便是深爱。

从默片走向有声片，有人形容嘉宝的声音像极了葡萄酒和大提琴，低沉的声音与嘉宝本人的形象珠联璧合。其实，《瑞典女王》这个故事并不算丰满，完全凭借嘉宝本人的气场撑起来整个故事的血肉，而能够听到嘉宝的声音说出女王的台词无疑是一种享受。

这部影片上映的3年后，影片中饰演嘉宝爱人的吉尔特溘然长逝。

而嘉宝如女王一样，在履行完了自己的所有职责后，决然而去。

她同女王一样，没有皈依任何人，她们都皈依了自我。

而她在我心中，永远是那个傲然立在船头的，用着坚定的，深远的目光望着远方的王者。

难以言喻却永恒。

《瑞典女王剧照》，女王退位

电影《瑞典女王》中，符合史实的几乎只有女王退位这一段。整部电影更像是披上历史外衣的好莱坞爱情悲剧，大多数人物都是真实的，大多数情节出自编剧之手，而非历史。

瓦萨家族

自古斯塔夫·瓦萨1523年率瑞典摆脱丹麦控制，从卡尔马同盟独立以来，宗教冲突的阴云便在瓦萨家族的头顶盘旋。这种处境并非家族的主动选择，而是时代洪流的席卷。1517年路德掀起的宗教改革，最先波及的就是德意志诸邦和北欧各国。

16世纪初期的卡尔马联盟

瓦萨当政后，马上放逐了亲丹麦的瑞典天主教大主教古斯塔夫·特罗勒，并写信给时任教皇克莱门七世，要求任命其提名的大主教人选约翰内斯·马格努斯。教皇严词拒绝，此举正中瓦萨下怀。他一举让瑞典脱离天主教会，并没收教会在瑞典的各处教产。1526年，瓦萨支持下，瑞典语版《新约》圣经译成。

其子埃里克十四世继承的是国本未定的瑞典。天主教会虎视眈眈，新近臣服的贵族们对王室余怒未消，与丹麦的“北方七年之战”继续消耗着瑞典王国。为了阻止弟弟约翰与信奉天主教的波兰公主凯瑟琳·雅盖洛（Catharine Jagellon）的婚姻，埃里克将弟弟囚禁在格里肖姆（Gripsholm）堡中。凯瑟琳赶来和约翰共度艰难的铁窗生活，说服他接受天主教信仰。1568年，埃里克的兄弟们强迫他逊位，经过6年的囚禁，他在国会和新王的命令下被处以死刑。

瓦萨王朝系谱

约翰三世在妻子凯瑟琳的劝说下，皈依天主教。但在凯瑟琳死后，约翰第二次婚姻为他迎来的是信奉新教的古尼拉·比尔克，在新妻子的劝说和对处死哥哥的内疚感中，约翰再次回到路德派信仰。

约翰和比尔克的儿子西格蒙德三世于1587年8月，被选做波兰国王。五年后，他继承了瑞典的王位，此时他身在波兰。新王信奉天主教，这直接引发了瑞典的宪法危机。此时，卡尔公爵当机立断，召开国会，出席会议的有300位教士和300位教外人士——包括贵族、市民、矿工和农民。国会重申1530年的《奥格斯堡信条》。宣布除路德教派外，其余宗教一律不容许存在于瑞典境内，唯有正统的路德派教徒可被指定担任宗教或政治上的职务，又声称只有在西格蒙德接受这些原则后，他才可以在瑞典加冕，同时承认卡尔公爵在国王虚位时担任摄政。西格蒙德亲帅5000人袭击瑞典，两次战役后，波兰军队被卡尔击败。1599年，瑞典国会废除西格蒙德的王位，卡尔继位，称卡尔九世。

1530年奥格斯堡信条的签订，Christian Beyer绘

卡尔即位后建立卡尔斯塔德（Karlstad）、哥德堡（Gteborg）等城市，重振本国的贸易与工业。在与丹麦的卡尔马战争未尽之时，卡尔便魂归上帝。临终前，他手抚儿子的头说：“他将完成我的未遂之志。”

卡尔的儿子便是“北方雄狮”，新教同盟的保护者，瑞典国王古斯塔夫·阿道夫。9岁时他开始参加瑞典国会，13岁时接见各国大使，15岁时他治理一个省份，16岁时参加战争。18岁执政后，他用100万泰勒换取了与丹麦之间的和平，稳定新教阵营。随即与俄国签订协议，控制了波罗的海诸港。在与波兰的战争中，他像克伦威尔一样，用信仰鼓舞士兵。最终，他以新教保护者的姿态，在1630年投入已经震荡欧洲多年的三十年战争。

阿道夫在临行前向国会做了一次告别演说，如同预知自己的死亡一样，这次演讲令人动容。1632年11月6日，阿道夫率部冲入吕岑的战火和浓烟中，上帝在此将他的灵魂接去。

1632年11月6日古斯塔夫·阿道夫殒身吕岑，Carl Wahlbom绘

命运如此武断，如此残酷，瑞典王国的前途、新教同盟的胜败、北欧雄狮的英明一瞬间转移到阿道夫的独女身上。这时的克里斯蒂娜只有6岁。

先王的未尽之志，没有成为鼓舞克里斯蒂娜的力量源泉，反倒成为她的重负。她得到如同父亲一般的良好教育。为了增加底气，她像男人一样说话和行事。然而，执政10年间，她除了学问的增长，除了在笛卡尔等人身上耗费钱财外，在军政事务上几乎碌碌无为。执政10年后，克里斯蒂娜28岁，她已经和国会谈判完成，准备退位。

女王退位

1654年，女王克里斯蒂娜的退位，并非如电影所述，仅仅出于女王对和平的热爱、对无拘无束生活的向往。更是源于深埋女王内心，贯穿其家族血脉，印刻于17世纪欧洲的宗教之争，新教和天主教的争战。

早在女王退位前的数年，当克里斯蒂娜与欧洲各路哲学家交往，学习各家哲学思想之后，她的心中就萌发出改宗的念头。

女王与笛卡尔交谈（右边的桌子），Nils Forsberg 绘

也许是出于医生伯德罗特（Bourdelot）的影响，也许是路德宗的教义对她来说过于肃穆、坚韧，或者如她自己所说：“一个人不信天主教，他如何能成为一个基督徒？”最终，克里斯蒂娜决定背弃自己的信仰，背弃父亲古斯塔夫·阿道夫为之奋战多年并为之殒命的新教事业。如今父亲的遗体和心脏安葬在斯德哥尔摩的骑士岛教堂。她决定活得像一个现代人，遵从自己的内心，而不是自己的家族、传统和血脉。

50年前的1604年，瑞典国会通过了一条继承法案，明文规定瑞典的王位将由瓦萨家族中信仰已定为国教的路德教派的男女成员继承，同时规定一切反对上述宗教者均不得在瑞典居住或置产。依据这一法案，克里斯蒂娜不仅必须放弃王位，而且要离开她的祖国。

信仰的隐秘争战，违背父亲的内疚感让她的灵魂备受折磨。长时间的阅读，极少的睡眠损害了她的身体。

长久以来，克里斯蒂娜供养门客，对艺术家、哲学家、科学家出手阔绰，耗费资财、赏赐王室土地，致使国库亏空。在位10年间，女王册封了17个伯爵、46个男爵和428个低级贵族，并卖掉或抵押了价值1,200,000里克斯的财产，以缴付他们的俸禄。10年内，贵族家庭从300户升至600户。增加政府开支的企图让她与国会分道扬镳。

大部分贵族起而反抗她的政策，并在1651年爆发针对女王的叛乱。叛乱的火焰很快被扑灭，叛乱的领袖也被处死，但由此变得旺盛的怨气却危险地在瑞典蔓延。当年8月，女王向枢密院提出退位请求，前摄政阿克塞尔·乌克森谢纳（Axel Oxenstierna）为首的枢密院没有答应，并说服女王继续在位。

女王肖像，David Beck绘

很快，克里斯蒂娜病倒了。发烧、肺炎，好几次竟昏厥过去，有时失去意识达一个小时之久。疾病的爆发经常将人引向最终极的思考，克里斯蒂娜在病中重新确认了自己的抉择。

1652年，她秘密遣送了一位葡萄牙公使馆的随员前往罗马，要求耶稣会教士到瑞典来和她讨论天主教的神学。教士们化装进入瑞典。克里斯蒂娜向耶稣会的教士们提出了一系列复杂的神学问题。她问他们上帝是否存在？肉体死亡后灵魂是否还能继续生存？除了从实用的观点来看，是与非之间是否有真正的分界？如果我比你们想象的更接近于变成一位天主教徒，你们作何感想？

此后，女王与国会进行了讨论，她希望说服国会，在自己退位后，接受表哥卡尔·古斯塔夫为瑞典王位的继承人。谈判并非黑白分明、一刀两断，涉及诸多细节，一直到1654年6月6日，女王最终在国会面前，正式退位。

自此往后，在她的名字前面，就不必加上女王二字，她又做回了克里斯蒂娜。她自幼在战争的炮火声中长大，却不善战事；在摄政乌克森谢纳的辅佐下成长，却不善政事；先王、母亲纯正的路德宗信仰，不曾让她变得虔诚。她退位后，由古斯塔夫·瓦萨开创的瓦萨王朝正式终结，瑞典也逐渐丧失了新教保护者的地位。

退位后漫游欧洲

退位后，国会决议供给克里斯蒂娜未来的生活费用，允许她继续保有她的侍从。

退位后第五天黎明时分，克里斯蒂娜离开了斯德哥尔摩。在努古平（Nykbing），她停下来看望了她那虔诚的母亲，勃兰登堡的玛利亚·伊丽欧诺拉。这是她与母亲的最后一次会面。1632年，她失去的是丈夫的肉身，这一次，她失去的是女儿的灵魂。一年后，母亲在病中死去。

旅途中，克里斯蒂娜感染了肋膜炎，这次生病，好像是最后诀别前的一场仪式。不久后，她便康复了，于是继续向南方进发。在到达哈尔姆斯塔德（Halmstad）后，她写信给伽桑狄，赠送他一笔年金和一条金链。随后，她接到瑞典新王卡尔十世的求婚，她拒绝了，就好像1649年2月26日她告知国会她不打算结婚一样，她不希望婚姻成为自己纵情的障碍。在瑞典和丹麦的边界处，她化妆成男子，化名多纳（Dohna）子爵，乘船前往丹麦。

《瑞典女王》中着男装的克里斯蒂娜

经过丹麦后，她来到汉堡，并且令人震惊地居住在一位犹太商人家中。经过信奉新教的荷兰时，她继续使用化名。到达天主教堡垒安特卫普后，她以真实身份示人，并受到利奥大公、波西米亚的伊丽莎白等人欢迎。在布鲁塞尔，她受到民众礼炮、烟火的欢迎，再此悠游一番后，克里斯蒂娜在除夕晚会上，私下宣称放弃路德宗信仰。

最终，在因斯布鲁克，她正式接受天主教的崇拜仪式。一起改变的还有她的名字，此后，她不再叫克里斯蒂娜·奥古斯塔·瓦萨，而叫克里斯蒂娜·亚历珊德拉，一个天主教徒的名字。直到如今，查阅天主教百科全书的时候，我们也只能找到“Christina Alexandra”这个词条。

进入意大利后，欢欣的天主教徒为她准备了一系列欢迎仪式、宴会和庆典。新教堡垒瑞典的女王叛变到天主教世界，这样重大的胜利当然值得庆祝。1655年12月19日，克里斯蒂娜在万众期待与瞩目中抵达罗马。翌日，她拜会梵蒂冈，教皇亚历山大七世亲自欢迎他。在梵蒂冈停留3天后，在高级教士卫队的护送下，克里斯蒂娜骑着一匹白马，昂首通过凯旋门和波波洛城门，在市民的夹道欢呼中进入罗马城。

1656年8月28日，在巴贝里尼宫恭迎克里斯蒂娜，Filippo Lauri, Filippo Gagliardi绘

1656年7月，克里斯蒂娜访问法国的情景与此相似，吉斯公爵更是对她的外貌、身材、修养和学识大加赞赏。在法国，18岁的路易十四在贡比涅欢迎她。而后则安排她下榻在卢浮宫国王的官邸之中。伏尔泰夸奖她：“没有一位女人的智力抵得过她的。”

在这些半官方的活动结束后，克里斯蒂娜要不是在欧洲天主教国家游历，造访僧侣、学者、艺术家，参观博物馆、艺术厅、学院和遗址。要不就是在罗马的柯西尼宫中，沉醉于盛大的沙龙活动。欧洲各处的主教、学者、画家、音乐家、外交官都慕名而来，她接待过巴洛克音乐大师亚力山德罗·斯卡拉蒂，阿尔卡恩格勒·柯里利将自己所创作的奏鸣曲献给她。她的沙龙里，搜集了许多珍贵的绘画、雕塑、图书手稿。

在罗马，在天主教的核心地区，在教皇的脚边。克里斯蒂娜实现了她在遥远、寒冷的瑞典无法实现的理想。

瑞典与波兰开战后，瑞典国会不再拨给克里斯蒂娜津贴。这使得克里斯蒂娜在1660年和1667年两度返回瑞典，争取财源。最终，国会重新拨款。但是，克里斯蒂娜竟然在自己的寓所大肆公开庆祝新教皇克莱门九世当选，遭到瑞典民众袭击，只得落荒而逃。

1668年，对退位似有悔意的克里斯蒂娜派人到华沙争取波兰王位，被波兰会议拒绝。（其伯父西格蒙德三世于1587-1632任波兰国王，立陶宛大公）

1685年，路易十四废除《南特敕令》后，克里斯蒂娜公开表示谴责。但沙龙女主人言辞的谴责远不及女王的军队。在关于废除《南特敕令》的历史记载中，克里斯蒂娜的谴责几乎可以忽略不计。

《南特敕令》原件照片

1689年，克里斯蒂娜死于肺炎，教皇为她举行了隆重的葬礼，并将其安葬在梵蒂冈的圣彼得大教堂。

1702年，克莱门十一世下令为克里斯蒂娜立纪念碑，以表彰她的皈依使教宗预见瑞典终会归回天主教，也感激她为罗马文化贡献良多。纪念碑置于大殿内厅，由艺术家卡洛·方塔纳（Carlo Fontana）建造。克里斯蒂娜的头像戴着王冠，以圆形金铜大奖章衬托。下面的三个浮雕分别象征：她让出瑞典王位并在因斯布鲁克弃绝新教、蔑视权贵、信心战胜异端。

克里斯蒂娜纪念碑

另外一位教皇亚历山大八世对克里斯蒂娜的评价则是：没有领土的女王、没有信仰的基督徒、以及不知羞耻的女人。

参考资料

• 威尔·杜兰特《文明的故事》
• 天主教百科全书
• 大不列颠百科全书

原文首发于知乎专栏“幸运儿雅各”：//zhuanlan.zhihu.com/c_1216660100645060608