天知道

Ruben Östlund携《自由广场》(The Square)摘得刚结束的第70届戛纳电影节主竞赛单元金棕榈奖。荧幕场刊给出了2.7的分数，低于排行第一的《无爱可诉》(Нелюбовь)，最后突出重围的《你从未在此》(You Were Never Really Here)，与Todd Haynes的《寂静中的惊奇》(Wonderstruck)持平，并列第三。

《无爱可诉》试图将镜头对焦于俄罗斯中产阶级现状，通过一出亲子关系的悲情戏投射于莫斯科阴郁且冷漠的普通家庭。《自由广场》则是对中产知识分子的讽刺：主人公Christian在影片中发生的桥段来自于身边朋友的生活，身份为当代艺术博物馆策展人的他在其中自嘲又自解，化解着内心的存在主义危机。《你从未在此》是我在将来的半年内最期待看到的影片，不仅仅是因为久未登场的Joaquin Phoenix（三年前连续轰炸的《她》(Her),《性本恶》(Inherent Vice)让我看腻最近又有些想念他），还有曾带着《凯文怎么了》(We Need To Talk About Kevin)强势回归大众视野的英国女导演Lynne Ramsay，此去一别，又是六年……

当然，最令人觉得兴趣盎然是Safdie兄弟的《好时光》(Good Time)，荧幕场刊2.6分，风格延续前作《天知道》(Heaven Knows What)，代入感强烈的碰撞在街头，心碎又满怀希望。

《天知道》将镜头对准纽约城市街头海洛因上瘾的年轻女孩Harley(Arielle Holmes饰演，她也是剧本的原创作者……一个有故事的girl?)，她深爱着自己的前男友Ilya并在注射海洛因的情绪诱导之后不惜为其当街割腕。出院后彻彻底底成为了一个接头流浪汉，在街边乞讨，用偷骗来的钱消费毒品与酒精……影片在结尾并没有对剧中出现的所有或好或坏的问题给出解决方案，没有正确错误的主观判断。兜兜转转回到了片子开头时候的原点，就像其中瘾君子的生活一样，找不到出路。

《天知道》的重要意义在于它如此真实的还原了一场令人心碎的不愉快经历，并无关于故事背景与未来发展，这一切都是当下的。也是因为Ben Safdie如此注重故事的真实感与社会性，在观赏电影的96分钟里，你会感觉Ilya与Harley都在触手可及的生活中，不断的与他们擦肩而过。我们一同成为了镜头背后的“观察者”，这一身份本身的意义就是不带有价值观处理的功能的。深焦、近景、手持的特写、快速移动的模糊背景……就这样进入了社会边缘人的生活，会有些许不适，会因为打斗而坐立不安，闭上眼睛不去看针管进入皮肤的尽头，同时又在怀疑着自由与社会制度共存的可能性——它们能够达到某种平衡吗？

值得一提的是，独立音乐人Ariel Pink用自己敏锐的观察力协助影像，为电影音乐的处理提供了一种全新的方法：全景式、电子化，本身就像极了一款听觉LSD。Arielle Holmes作为影片文本的原本创作者，自己演出自己的故事，本身也是Ben Safdie及整个创作团队对于作者性的尊重。《天知道》的出现重新定义了在荧幕前的我们与影像可以保持的距离，让我们沉浸在寻常生活体会不到的热烈中，如此直接和真实。

另：推荐Ariel Pink的专辑Pom Pom，惹人喜爱。

萨弗迪兄弟似乎摆脱了最初两部影片里的新浪潮影响：粗砺画面与晃动的摄影几乎消失，取而代之却是流畅的剪辑与声音技术，越来越有商业电影的味道。开头和结尾两场的耸动配乐最为明显，无对白的影像/画面具有先声夺人的力量，一种不安而可怖的气氛笼罩在这个边缘人故事的开端，而这种声音处理方式跟沙尔茨在《克利夏》的开篇有着相同的效果，不能不说是一种惊人的巧合。

这对兄弟导演依然钟情拍摄纽约边缘人题材，继之前的女贼和电影放映员，这部奠定影坛地位的作者电影将目光聚焦在瘾君子身上。要用“触目惊心”来形容拍摄对象才足以概括我的直观感受。尽管此前看过不少因吸毒而自甘堕落的题材，但这部现实主义色彩浓烈的作品更让人沮丧和慨叹。影片的阴暗基调跟阿伦诺夫斯基的《迷上瘾》不相伯仲，而跟《迷上瘾》里依靠眼花缭乱的（剪辑、摄影与配乐）技巧营造悲怆的手法不同，这部完全是依赖演员不加修饰的演绎。换个准确的说法，纯属角色自然流露的性格与气质所致。

女主角Arielle Holmes有过吸毒史，她后来写的《纽约疯狂爱情》讲的就是亲身经历，同时也是本片的改编来源。另外剧中不少演员或多或少有过不光彩的经历，如小偷小摸，进过监狱等。导演选用非职业演员给这个悲剧故事增添了难以置信的真实感，很多细节是职业演员难以演出来的，比如吸毒时的手部颤抖，脸部的抽搐表情等。而这种传统似乎可以追溯拉里·克拉克（Larry Clark），甚至是格斯·范·桑特早前部分作品。

除此之外，萨弗迪继续此前惯用的偷拍手段，演员的即兴台词也为影片增色不少，尤其是在大街上争吵，及女主角跟毒贩争执的场景。然而，相比前两部作品，这部缺少了一些奇思妙想的段落，也许导演认为类似的“幼稚”手法（巨型蚊子与漂浮在河面上的白熊）跟本片的论调格格不入。另一方面，剧本似乎要着力刻画的是这个依赖嗑药的边缘群体的日常现实，而非他们进入飘飘欲仙的幻觉世界。

为了细致刻画这个特殊群体的日常生活，导演不惜采用大量特写镜头来展示人物的脸部与身体，捕捉他们空洞呆滞的眼神，口齿不清的对白，进而增强故事的真实感。最令我意外的是，剧本里安排了女主角的一条爱情线，尽管最后以悲剧告终，但是这种处理手法一方面带来些许商业类型片的味道，另一方面，却也轻松打破观众心目中对瘾君子一直以来的刻板单调印象，有助于凸现这个边缘群体的实在感与悲剧本质。

很多时候，我们正常人感觉离这个边缘群体挺遥远的，即使在路上见到也会敬而远之。但看过影片后，又渐渐觉得他们其实跟正常人没太多分别。他们也是有七情六欲的真实个体，也会有正常的喜怒哀乐，只不过是个人选择生活方式不同而已。我认为，萨弗迪兄弟透过这个悲伤的爱情故事并非要揭示或批判什么社会现象，他们只是想展示纽约这个特殊人群的真实面貌，让更多观众了解到纽约最深刻的一面，远非是游客观光时见到的靓丽风景。

曾经某刻，在谈及美国电影的意识形态之时，我指出了三个国家的电影人未曾拍出真实影像。但此处的“真实”仅就电影还原现实这一新现实主义所标示出的道路而言；因而招致了大家的误解，将我认定为一位口不择言之人。实则是冤枉。

此时此刻，《天知道》给了我一个辩白的机会，同时也提醒读者作者在尝试文学化表达之时，是不该作实证主义理解的。我想尤其指出的是《天知道》这部电影看似反驳了我在前面提出的观点，也即美国电影人未曾拍出过真实影像；实则是提供了观察这一问题的新方式。

《天知道》给予我们的就是一种异乎寻常的真实，已经脱离了新现实主义所开辟的语境。这种真实质感的获得不只在于电影聚集的是社会边缘人物的生活主题，这是通过对这些人物恋爱、吸毒、犯罪等一系列生活常态的刻画；还在于导演为获致这一真实质感所采用的方式。

借用一个比拟，我们可以将这部电影的镜头称为“望远镜式”的。它们是这样的镜头：深焦，近景（特写），背景的模糊化，以及晃动。因而观众如同举着一架望远镜将目光投向远方，看到了这些社会边缘的弱势群体挣扎的身影；会因为刀刃划开血管而不敢直视，会因为吸毒场面而坐立不安，会因为其自由地反抗着这个荒诞社会而欢欣鼓舞……

这是一类直接作用于我们感知的影像，如同那个在片名出来之后的长镜头，其伴随着配乐和镜头的自如移转导致的不可思议的观感，无不在提醒我们：我们需要这样的电影。

VENICE – The days of The Panic in Needle Park, to name one iconic New York City drug movie, seem long gone, now that most of Manhattan’s one-time junkie hangouts have been gentrified to within an inch of their lives. But in Heaven Knows What, Josh and Benny Safdie rescue that subculture from the invisible margins. They weave a small group of young heroin addicts into the fabric of the city streets with a grubby lyricism that’s visually intoxicating even if its emotional impact remains somewhat muted.
Following their detour into unconventional sports documentary with Lenny Cooke, the sibling filmmaker team returns to the scruffy aesthetic, raw authenticity and unstrung characters of their first feature, Daddy Longlegs.
Their new slice of life on the fringes is often hard to watch due to the pain, self-destructiveness and even the numbing Warholian monotony of the existences it depicts with a verite candor that owes much to John Cassavetes. But the film, which at times also recalls the lo-fi work of Gus Van Sant, is laced with moments of surprising poignancy, goofy low-key farce and even a weird kind of charm. It’s also distinguished by an intense screen-acting debut from Arielle Holmes, playing an unflinching version of herself and her own experience.
While the movie’s theatrical prospects are slim, the triple showcase of Venice, Toronto and New York Film Festival slots should help build a platform for VOD exposure.
Ronald Bronstein, memorable as the less-than-model parent in Daddy Longlegs, wrote the screenplay with Josh Safdie, based on Holmes’ unpublished memoir, Mad Love in New York City. She plays Harley, a homeless drug addict in an obsessive on-off relationship with Ilya (Caleb Landry Jones), whose nihilistic indifference extends to encouraging her suicidal impulses. That results in Harley slashing her wrist and landing in Bellevue in a mesmerizing sequence, played without dialogue and flooded with unsettling synth scoring.
Among the film’s most impressive qualities is the Safdie brothers’ boldly textural use of music — predominantly Isao Tomita‘s electronica versions of Debussy, but also a little Tangerine Dream and James Dashow, as well as some hardstyle and black metal.
The other standout element is Sean Price Williams‘ woozy cinematography, which hugs in close to the characters or sits back from a detached p.o.v., often shooting them in a bleached haze of light. They bleed into the visual field of sidewalks, storefronts, cars and pedestrians. This is not a portrait of New York’s junkie street subculture conveniently tucked into some skeevy pocket of the city. Instead they move freely, sometimes chafing against their surroundings, through libraries, Internet cafes, bookstores and fast-food joints.
The loose narrative tracks Harley’s half-hearted attempts to get by without Ilya. She brushes off the advances of abrasive Skully (rapper Necro) and slips into a friendship with Mike (Buddy Duress), an amusingly verbose dealer and fellow addict; he keeps her in smack but bristles when she can’t pay, his tenderness shifting to hostility.
While there’s a suggestion of a romantic triangle in Harley’s oscillations between Ilya and Mike, the Safdies are less interested in story or character than in immersing us in a milieu that most people would prefer to ignore. The film observes Harley and her cohorts “spanging,” street vernacular for begging, be it for spare change or subway entry; or stealing from a mailman’s bag, sifting through the contents for gift cards or cash.
A joyride on the motorcycle of Mike’s drug supplier Antoine (Benjamin Antoine Hampton) hints at momentary escape. But when the possibility of real deliverance surfaces via a hastily planned bus journey to Florida with the unpredictable Ilya, that notion is revealed to be an empty hope.
Heaven Knows What is a strange film, at once distancing and transfixing. If it’s not as impactful as it might have been considering the experiences portrayed, it has potent atmosphere and an admirable refusal to put any kind of gloss on the bleak reality of its limbo world. It also helps that Holmes, Jones and Duress, as well as the mainly non-actors in secondary roles, all inhabit their characters with real conviction.
Production companies: Iconoclast, Elara Pictures
Cast: Arielle Holmes, Caleb Landry Jones, Buddy Duress, Necro, Eleonore Hendricks, Yuri Pleskun, Benjamin Antoine Hampton, Diana Singh
Directors: Josh and Benny Safdie
Screenwriters: Ronald Bronstein, Josh Safdie, based on the novel, “Mad Love in New York City,” by Arielle Holmes
Producers: Oscar Boyson, Sebastian Bear-McClard
Executive producers: Charles-Marie Anthonioz, Mourad Belkeddar, Jean Duhamel, Nicolas Lhermitte
Director of photography: Sean Price Williams
Production designer: Audrey Tanner
Editors: Benny Safdie, Ronald Bronstein
Sales: ICM
No rating, 94 minutes.

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